In vivo and in vitro reconstitution of unique key steps in cystobactamid antibiotic biosynthesis

Sebastian Groß, Bastien Schnell, Patrick A. Haack, David Auerbach and Rolf Müller ()
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Sebastian Groß: Saarland University
Bastien Schnell: Saarland University
Patrick A. Haack: Saarland University
David Auerbach: Saarland University
Rolf Müller: Saarland University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Cystobactamids are myxobacteria-derived topoisomerase inhibitors with potent anti-Gram-negative activity. They are formed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and consist of tailored para-aminobenzoic acids, connected by a unique α-methoxy-l-isoasparagine or a β-methoxy-l-asparagine linker moiety. We describe the heterologous expression of the cystobactamid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in Myxococcus xanthus. Targeted gene deletions produce several unnatural cystobactamids. Using in vitro experiments, we reconstitute the key biosynthetic steps of linker formation and shuttling via CysB to the NRPS. The biosynthetic logic involves a previously uncharacterized bifunctional domain found in the stand-alone NRPS module CysH, albicidin biosynthesis and numerous BGCs of unknown natural products. This domain performs either an aminomutase (AM) or an amide dehydratase (DH) type of reaction, depending on the activity of CysJ which hydroxylates CysH-bound l-asparagine. Furthermore, CysQ O-methylates hydroxyl-l-(iso)asparagine only in the presence of the AMDH domain. Taken together, these findings provide direct evidence for unique steps in cystobactamid biosynthesis.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21848-3

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