Basalt derived from highly refractory mantle sources during early Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc development

He Li (), Richard J. Arculus (), Osamu Ishizuka, Rosemary Hickey-Vargas, Gene M. Yogodzinski, Anders McCarthy, Yuki Kusano, Philipp A. Brandl, Ivan P. Savov, Frank J. Tepley and Weidong Sun ()
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He Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Richard J. Arculus: Australian National University
Osamu Ishizuka: Geological Survey of Japan/AIST
Rosemary Hickey-Vargas: Florida International University
Gene M. Yogodzinski: University of South Carolina
Anders McCarthy: University of Lausanne
Yuki Kusano: Geological Survey of Japan/AIST
Philipp A. Brandl: Australian National University
Ivan P. Savov: University of Leeds
Frank J. Tepley: Oregon State University
Weidong Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The magmatic character of early subduction zone and arc development is unlike mature systems. Low-Ti-K tholeiitic basalts and boninites dominate the early Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) system. Basalts recovered from the Amami Sankaku Basin (ASB), underlying and located west of the IBM’s oldest remnant arc, erupted at ~49 Ma. This was 3 million years after subduction inception (51-52 Ma) represented by forearc basalt (FAB), at the tipping point between FAB-boninite and typical arc magmatism. We show ASB basalts are low-Ti-K, aluminous spinel-bearing tholeiites, distinct compared to mid-ocean ridge (MOR), backarc basin, island arc or ocean island basalts. Their upper mantle source was hot, reduced, refractory peridotite, indicating prior melt extraction. ASB basalts transferred rapidly from pressures (~0.7-2 GPa) at the plagioclase-spinel peridotite facies boundary to the surface. Vestiges of a polybaric-polythermal mineralogy are preserved in this basalt, and were not obliterated during persistent recharge-mix-tap-fractionate regimes typical of MOR or mature arcs.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21980-0

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