A haemagglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

Alain Townsend (), Pramila Rijal, Julie Xiao, Tiong Kit Tan, Kuan-Ying A. Huang, Lisa Schimanski, Jiandong Huo, Nimesh Gupta, Rolle Rahikainen, Philippa C. Matthews, Derrick Crook, Sarah Hoosdally, Susanna Dunachie, Eleanor Barnes, Teresa Street, Christopher P. Conlon, John Frater, Carolina V. Arancibia-Cárcamo, Justine Rudkin, Nicole Stoesser, Fredrik Karpe, Matthew Neville, Rutger Ploeg, Marta Oliveira, David J. Roberts, Abigail A. Lamikanra, Hoi Pat Tsang, Abbie Bown, Richard Vipond, Alexander J. Mentzer, Julian C. Knight, Andrew J. Kwok, Gavin R. Screaton, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Piyada Supasa, Paul Klenerman, Christina Dold, J. Kenneth Baillie, Shona C. Moore, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Malcolm G. Semple, Lance C. W. Turtle, Mark Ainsworth, Alice Allcock, Sally Beer, Sagida Bibi, Donal Skelly, Lizzy Stafford, Katie Jeffrey, Denise O’Donnell, Elizabeth Clutterbuck, Alexis Espinosa, Maria Mendoza, Dominique Georgiou, Teresa Lockett, Jose Martinez, Elena Perez, Veronica Gallardo Sanchez, Giuseppe Scozzafava, Alberto Sobrinodiaz, Hannah Thraves and Etienne Joly ()
Additional contact information
Alain Townsend: John Radcliffe Hospital
Pramila Rijal: John Radcliffe Hospital
Julie Xiao: John Radcliffe Hospital
Tiong Kit Tan: John Radcliffe Hospital
Kuan-Ying A. Huang: Chang Gung University
Lisa Schimanski: John Radcliffe Hospital
Jiandong Huo: The Rosalind Franklin Institute
Nimesh Gupta: National Institute of Immunology
Rolle Rahikainen: University of Oxford
Philippa C. Matthews: John Radcliffe Hospital
Derrick Crook: John Radcliffe Hospital
Sarah Hoosdally: University of Oxford
Susanna Dunachie: University of Oxford
Eleanor Barnes: University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
Teresa Street: University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
Christopher P. Conlon: University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
John Frater: University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
Carolina V. Arancibia-Cárcamo: University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
Justine Rudkin: University of Oxford
Nicole Stoesser: John Radcliffe Hospital
Fredrik Karpe: John Radcliffe Hospital
Matthew Neville: University of Oxford
Rutger Ploeg: University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
Marta Oliveira: University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
David J. Roberts: John Radcliffe Hospital
Abigail A. Lamikanra: John Radcliffe Hospital
Hoi Pat Tsang: John Radcliffe Hospital
Abbie Bown: Public Health England
Richard Vipond: Public Health England
Alexander J. Mentzer: University of Oxford
Julian C. Knight: University of Oxford
Andrew J. Kwok: University of Oxford
Gavin R. Screaton: University of Oxford
Juthathip Mongkolsapaya: University of Oxford
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai: University of Oxford
Piyada Supasa: University of Oxford
Paul Klenerman: University of Oxford
Christina Dold: University of Oxford
J. Kenneth Baillie: University of Edinburgh
Shona C. Moore: University of Liverpool
Peter J. M. Openshaw: Imperial College London
Malcolm G. Semple: University of Liverpool
Lance C. W. Turtle: University of Liverpool
Mark Ainsworth: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Alice Allcock: University of Oxford
Sally Beer: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Sagida Bibi: University of Oxford
Donal Skelly: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Lizzy Stafford: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Katie Jeffrey: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Denise O’Donnell: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Elizabeth Clutterbuck: University of Oxford
Alexis Espinosa: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Maria Mendoza: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Dominique Georgiou: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Teresa Lockett: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Jose Martinez: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Elena Perez: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Veronica Gallardo Sanchez: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Giuseppe Scozzafava: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Alberto Sobrinodiaz: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Hannah Thraves: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Etienne Joly: University of Toulouse, CNRS

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Serological detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for establishing rates of seroconversion in populations, and for seeking evidence for a level of antibody that may be protective against COVID-19 disease. Several high-performance commercial tests have been described, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are comparatively expensive, and therefore not available universally. Red cell agglutination tests do not require special equipment, are read by eye, have short development times, low cost and can be applied at the Point of Care. Here we describe a quantitative Haemagglutination test (HAT) for the detection of antibodies to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The HAT has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99% for detection of antibodies after a PCR diagnosed infection. We will supply aliquots of the test reagent sufficient for ten thousand test wells free of charge to qualified research groups anywhere in the world.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22045-y

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