Axial localization and tracking of self-interference nanoparticles by lateral point spread functions

Yongtao Liu, Zhiguang Zhou, Fan Wang (), Günter Kewes, Shihui Wen, Sven Burger, Majid Ebrahimi Wakiani, Peng Xi, Jiong Yang, Xusan Yang, Oliver Benson () and Dayong Jin ()
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Yongtao Liu: University of Technology Sydney
Zhiguang Zhou: University of Technology Sydney
Fan Wang: University of Technology Sydney
Günter Kewes: Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15
Shihui Wen: University of Technology Sydney
Sven Burger: JCMwave GmbH
Majid Ebrahimi Wakiani: University of Technology Sydney
Peng Xi: University of Technology Sydney
Jiong Yang: University of Technology Sydney
Xusan Yang: Peking University
Oliver Benson: Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15
Dayong Jin: University of Technology Sydney

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Sub-diffraction limited localization of fluorescent emitters is a key goal of microscopy imaging. Here, we report that single upconversion nanoparticles, containing multiple emission centres with random orientations, can generate a series of unique, bright and position-sensitive patterns in the spatial domain when placed on top of a mirror. Supported by our numerical simulation, we attribute this effect to the sum of each single emitter’s interference with its own mirror image. As a result, this configuration generates a series of sophisticated far-field point spread functions (PSFs), e.g. in Gaussian, doughnut and archery target shapes, strongly dependent on the phase difference between the emitter and its image. In this way, the axial locations of nanoparticles are transferred into far-field patterns. We demonstrate a real-time distance sensing technology with a localization accuracy of 2.8 nm, according to the atomic force microscope (AFM) characterization values, smaller than 1/350 of the excitation wavelength.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22283-0

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