Gut microbiota diversity after autologous fecal microbiota transfer in acute myeloid leukemia patients

Florent Malard (), Anne Vekhoff, Simona Lapusan, Francoise Isnard, Evelyne D’incan-Corda, Jérôme Rey, Colombe Saillard, Xavier Thomas, Sophie Ducastelle-Lepretre, Etienne Paubelle, Marie-Virginie Larcher, Clément Rocher, Christian Recher, Suzanne Tavitian, Sarah Bertoli, Anne-Sophie Michallet, Lila Gilis, Pierre Peterlin, Patrice Chevallier, Stéphanie Nguyen, Emilie Plantamura, Lilia Boucinha, Cyrielle Gasc, Mauricette Michallet, Joel Dore, Ollivier Legrand and Mohamad Mohty
Additional contact information
Florent Malard: Service d’hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938
Anne Vekhoff: Service d’hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938
Simona Lapusan: Service d’hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938
Francoise Isnard: Service d’hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938
Evelyne D’incan-Corda: Service d’hématologie, Institut Paoli Calmettes
Jérôme Rey: Service d’hématologie, Institut Paoli Calmettes
Colombe Saillard: Service d’hématologie, Institut Paoli Calmettes
Xavier Thomas: Service d’hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
Sophie Ducastelle-Lepretre: Service d’hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
Etienne Paubelle: Service d’hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
Marie-Virginie Larcher: Service d’hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
Clément Rocher: Service d’hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
Christian Recher: Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Service d’hématologie
Suzanne Tavitian: Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Service d’hématologie
Sarah Bertoli: Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Service d’hématologie
Anne-Sophie Michallet: Service d’hématologie, Centre Léon Bérard
Lila Gilis: Service d’hématologie, Centre Léon Bérard
Pierre Peterlin: Service d’hématologie, CHU Nantes
Patrice Chevallier: Service d’hématologie, CHU Nantes
Stéphanie Nguyen: Service d’hématologie clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpétrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université
Emilie Plantamura: MaaT Pharma
Lilia Boucinha: MaaT Pharma
Cyrielle Gasc: MaaT Pharma
Mauricette Michallet: Service d’hématologie, Centre Léon Bérard
Joel Dore: Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, AgroParisTech, MICALIS
Ollivier Legrand: Service d’hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938
Mohamad Mohty: Service d’hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) intensive chemotherapy combined with broad-spectrum antibiotics, leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis promoting pathological conditions and an increased incidence of complications. Here we report findings from a phase II single-arm, multicenter study evaluating autologous fecal microbiota transfer (AFMT) in 25 AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy and antibiotics (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02928523). The co-primary outcomes of the study are to evaluate the efficacy of AFMT in dysbiosis correction and multidrug-resistant bacteria eradication. The main secondary outcomes are to define a dysbiosis biosignature, to evaluate the effect of dysbiosis correction on patient clinical status, to assess the short and mid-term safety of AFMT in this immunocompromised population, and to evaluate the feasibility of the AFMT procedure and acceptability by the patient. Intensive induction chemotherapy induces a dramatic decrease of α-diversity indices, and a microbial dysbiosis with a significant shift of the microbial communities and domination of pro-inflammatory families. After AFMT treatment, α-diversity indices return to their initial mean levels and the similarity index shows the restoration of microbial communities. The trial meets pre-specified endpoints. AFMT appears to be safe and may be effective for gut microbiota restoration in AML patients receiving intensive chemotherapy and antibiotics, with an excellent gut microbiota reconstruction based on both richness and diversity indices at the species level.

Date: 2021
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-23376-6

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23376-6

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