Population-scale peach genome analyses unravel selection patterns and biochemical basis underlying fruit flavor

Yang Yu, Jiantao Guan, Yaoguang Xu, Fei Ren, Zhengquan Zhang, Juan Yan, Jun Fu, Jiying Guo, Zhijun Shen, Jianbo Zhao, Quan Jiang (), Jianhua Wei () and Hua Xie ()
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Yang Yu: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Jiantao Guan: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Yaoguang Xu: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Fei Ren: Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Zhengquan Zhang: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Juan Yan: Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement
Jun Fu: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Jiying Guo: Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Zhijun Shen: Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement
Jianbo Zhao: Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Quan Jiang: Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Jianhua Wei: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Hua Xie: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract A narrow genetic basis in modern cultivars and strong linkage disequilibrium in peach (Prunus persica) has restricted resolution power for association studies in this model fruit species, thereby limiting our understanding of economically important quality traits including fruit flavor. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly for a Chinese landrace, Longhua Shui Mi (LHSM), a representative of the Chinese Cling peaches that have been central in global peach genetic improvement. We also map the resequencing data for 564 peach accessions to this LHSM assembly at an average depth of 26.34× per accession. Population genomic analyses reveal a fascinating history of convergent selection for sweetness yet divergent selection for acidity in eastern vs. western modern cultivars. Molecular-genetics and biochemical analyses establish that PpALMT1 (aluminum-activated malate transporter 1) contributes to their difference of malate content and that increases fructose content accounts for the increased sweetness of modern peach fruits, as regulated by PpERDL16 (early response to dehydration 6-like 16). Our study illustrates the strong utility of the genomics resources for both basic and applied efforts to understand and exploit the genetic basis of fruit quality in peach.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23879-2

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