In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode

Xiang Liu, Liang Yin, Dongsheng Ren, Li Wang, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu, Saul Lapidus, Hewu Wang, Xiangming He, Zonghai Chen, Gui-Liang Xu (), Minggao Ouyang () and Khalil Amine ()
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Xiang Liu: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Liang Yin: X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory
Dongsheng Ren: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University
Li Wang: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University
Yang Ren: X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory
Wenqian Xu: X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory
Saul Lapidus: X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory
Hewu Wang: Tsinghua University
Xiangming He: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University
Zonghai Chen: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Gui-Liang Xu: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Minggao Ouyang: Tsinghua University
Khalil Amine: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Graphite, a robust host for reversible lithium storage, enabled the first commercially viable lithium-ion batteries. However, the thermal degradation pathway and the safety hazards of lithiated graphite remain elusive. Here, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) decomposition, lithium leaching, and gas release of the lithiated graphite anode during heating were examined by in situ synchrotron X-ray techniques and in situ mass spectroscopy. The source of flammable gas such as H2 was identified and quantitively analyzed. Also, the existence of highly reactive residual lithium on the graphite surface was identified at high temperatures. Our results emphasized the critical role of the SEI in anode thermal stability and uncovered the potential safety hazards of the flammable gases and leached lithium. The anode thermal degradation mechanism revealed in the present work will stimulate more efforts in the rational design of anodes to enable safe energy storage.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24404-1

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