Ultrafast olivine-ringwoodite transformation during shock compression

Takuo Okuchi (), Yusuke Seto, Naotaka Tomioka, Takeshi Matsuoka, Bruno Albertazzi, Nicholas J. Hartley, Yuichi Inubushi, Kento Katagiri, Ryosuke Kodama, Tatiana A. Pikuz, Narangoo Purevjav, Kohei Miyanishi, Tomoko Sato, Toshimori Sekine, Keiichi Sueda, Kazuo A. Tanaka, Yoshinori Tange, Tadashi Togashi, Yuhei Umeda, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Makina Yabashi and Norimasa Ozaki
Additional contact information
Takuo Okuchi: Kyoto University
Yusuke Seto: Kobe University
Naotaka Tomioka: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Takeshi Matsuoka: Osaka University
Bruno Albertazzi: Osaka University
Nicholas J. Hartley: Osaka University
Yuichi Inubushi: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Kento Katagiri: Osaka University
Ryosuke Kodama: Osaka University
Tatiana A. Pikuz: Osaka University
Narangoo Purevjav: Okayama University
Kohei Miyanishi: RIKEN SPring-8 Center
Tomoko Sato: Hiroshima University
Toshimori Sekine: Osaka University
Keiichi Sueda: RIKEN SPring-8 Center
Kazuo A. Tanaka: Osaka University
Yoshinori Tange: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Tadashi Togashi: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Yuhei Umeda: Kyoto University
Toshinori Yabuuchi: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Makina Yabashi: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Norimasa Ozaki: Osaka University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Meteorites from interplanetary space often include high-pressure polymorphs of their constituent minerals, which provide records of past hypervelocity collisions. These collisions were expected to occur between kilometre-sized asteroids, generating transient high-pressure states lasting for several seconds to facilitate mineral transformations across the relevant phase boundaries. However, their mechanisms in such a short timescale were never experimentally evaluated and remained speculative. Here, we show a nanosecond transformation mechanism yielding ringwoodite, which is the most typical high-pressure mineral in meteorites. An olivine crystal was shock-compressed by a focused high-power laser pulse, and the transformation was time-resolved by femtosecond diffractometry using an X-ray free electron laser. Our results show the formation of ringwoodite through a faster, diffusionless process, suggesting that ringwoodite can form from collisions between much smaller bodies, such as metre to submetre-sized asteroids, at common relative velocities. Even nominally unshocked meteorites could therefore contain signatures of high-pressure states from past collisions.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24633-4

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