Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate

Yuntao Xu, Ayed Al Sayem, Linran Fan, Chang-Ling Zou, Sihao Wang, Risheng Cheng, Wei Fu, Likai Yang, Mingrui Xu and Hong X. Tang ()
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Yuntao Xu: Yale University
Ayed Al Sayem: Yale University
Linran Fan: Yale University
Chang-Ling Zou: Yale University
Sihao Wang: Yale University
Risheng Cheng: Yale University
Wei Fu: Yale University
Likai Yang: Yale University
Mingrui Xu: Yale University
Hong X. Tang: Yale University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Superconducting cavity electro-optics presents a promising route to coherently convert microwave and optical photons and distribute quantum entanglement between superconducting circuits over long-distance. Strong Pockels nonlinearity and high-performance optical cavity are the prerequisites for high conversion efficiency. Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) offers these desired characteristics. Despite significant recent progresses, only unidirectional conversion with efficiencies on the order of 10−5 has been realized. In this article, we demonstrate the bidirectional electro-optic conversion in TFLN-superconductor hybrid system, with conversion efficiency improved by more than three orders of magnitude. Our air-clad device architecture boosts the sustainable intracavity pump power at cryogenic temperatures by suppressing the prominent photorefractive effect that limits cryogenic performance of TFLN, and reaches an efficiency of 1.02% (internal efficiency of 15.2%). This work firmly establishes the TFLN-superconductor hybrid EO system as a highly competitive transduction platform for future quantum network applications.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24809-y

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