Microglia modulate stable wakefulness via the thalamic reticular nucleus in mice

Hanxiao Liu, Xinxing Wang, Lu Chen, Liang Chen, Stella E. Tsirka, Shaoyu Ge and Qiaojie Xiong ()
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Hanxiao Liu: Stony Brook University
Xinxing Wang: Stony Brook University
Lu Chen: Stony Brook University
Liang Chen: Stony Brook University
Stella E. Tsirka: Stony Brook University
Shaoyu Ge: Stony Brook University
Qiaojie Xiong: Stony Brook University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Microglia are important for brain homeostasis and immunity, but their role in regulating vigilance remains unclear. We employed genetic, physiological, and metabolomic methods to examine microglial involvement in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. Microglial depletion decreased stable nighttime wakefulness in mice by increasing transitions between wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the sleep-wake behavior closely correlated with diurnal variation of the brain ceramide, which disappeared in microglia-depleted mice. Ceramide preferentially influenced microglia in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and local depletion of TRN microglia produced similar impaired wakefulness. Chemogenetic manipulations of anterior TRN neurons showed that they regulated transitions between wakefulness and NREM sleep. Their firing capacity was suppressed by both microglial depletion and added ceramide. In microglia-depleted mice, activating anterior TRN neurons or inhibiting ceramide production both restored stable wakefulness. These findings demonstrate that microglia can modulate stable wakefulness through anterior TRN neurons via ceramide signaling.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24915-x

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