Wavelength conversion through plasmon-coupled surface states

Deniz Turan, Ping Keng Lu, Nezih T. Yardimci, Zhaoyu Liu, Liang Luo, Joong-Mok Park, Uttam Nandi, Jigang Wang, Sascha Preu and Mona Jarrahi ()
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Deniz Turan: University of California
Ping Keng Lu: University of California
Nezih T. Yardimci: University of California
Zhaoyu Liu: Iowa State University
Liang Luo: Iowa State University
Joong-Mok Park: Iowa State University
Uttam Nandi: Technical University Darmstadt
Jigang Wang: Iowa State University
Sascha Preu: Technical University Darmstadt
Mona Jarrahi: University of California

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Surface states generally degrade semiconductor device performance by raising the charge injection barrier height, introducing localized trap states, inducing surface leakage current, and altering the electric potential. We show that the giant built-in electric field created by the surface states can be harnessed to enable passive wavelength conversion without utilizing any nonlinear optical phenomena. Photo-excited surface plasmons are coupled to the surface states to generate an electron gas, which is routed to a nanoantenna array through the giant electric field created by the surface states. The induced current on the nanoantennas, which contains mixing product of different optical frequency components, generates radiation at the beat frequencies of the incident photons. We utilize the functionalities of plasmon-coupled surface states to demonstrate passive wavelength conversion of nanojoule optical pulses at a 1550 nm center wavelength to terahertz regime with efficiencies that exceed nonlinear optical methods by 4-orders of magnitude.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24957-1

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