Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating

Ying Zhang, Kuan Liu (), Jiaming Huang, Xinxin Xia, Jiupeng Cao, Guangming Zhao, Patrick W. K. Fong, Ye Zhu, Feng Yan, Yang Yang, Xinhui Lu and Gang Li ()
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Ying Zhang: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Kuan Liu: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Jiaming Huang: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Xinxin Xia: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Jiupeng Cao: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Guangming Zhao: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Patrick W. K. Fong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Ye Zhu: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Feng Yan: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Yang Yang: UCLA
Xinhui Lu: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Gang Li: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Graded bulk-heterojunction (G-BHJ) with well-defined vertical phase separation has potential to surpass classical BHJ in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, an effective G-BHJ strategy via nonhalogenated solvent sequential deposition is demonstrated using nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) OSCs. Spin-coated G-BHJ OSCs deliver an outstanding 17.48% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DP-XPS) and angle-dependent grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) techniques enable the visualization of polymer/NFA composition and crystallinity gradient distributions, which benefit charge transport, and enable outstanding thick OSC PCEs (16.25% for 300 nm, 14.37% for 500 nm), which are among the highest reported. Moreover, the nonhalogenated solvent enabled G-BHJ OSC via open-air blade coating and achieved a record 16.77% PCE. The blade-coated G-BHJ has drastically different D-A crystallization kinetics, which suppresses the excessive aggregation induced unfavorable phase separation in BHJ. All these make G-BHJ a feasible and promising strategy towards highly efficient, eco- and manufacture friendly OSCs.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25148-8

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