Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Donal T. Skelly, Adam C. Harding, Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo, Michael L. Knight, Stephanie Longet, Anthony Brown, Sandra Adele, Emily Adland, Helen Brown, Tom Tipton, Lizzie Stafford, Alexander J. Mentzer, Síle A. Johnson, Ali Amini, Tiong Kit Tan, Lisa Schimanski, Kuan-Ying A. Huang, Pramila Rijal, John Frater, Philip Goulder, Christopher P. Conlon, Katie Jeffery, Christina Dold, Andrew J. Pollard, Alex Sigal, Tulio Oliveira, Alain R. Townsend, Paul Klenerman, Susanna J. Dunachie, Eleanor Barnes, Miles W. Carroll and William S. James ()
Additional contact information
Donal T. Skelly: University of Oxford
Adam C. Harding: University of Oxford
Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo: University of Oxford
Michael L. Knight: University of Oxford
Stephanie Longet: Public Health England
Anthony Brown: University of Oxford
Sandra Adele: University of Oxford
Emily Adland: University of Oxford
Helen Brown: University of Oxford
Tom Tipton: Public Health England
Lizzie Stafford: University of Oxford
Alexander J. Mentzer: University of Oxford
Síle A. Johnson: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Ali Amini: University of Oxford
Tiong Kit Tan: University of Oxford
Lisa Schimanski: University of Oxford
Kuan-Ying A. Huang: Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University
Pramila Rijal: University of Oxford
John Frater: University of Oxford
Philip Goulder: University of Oxford
Christopher P. Conlon: University of Oxford
Katie Jeffery: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Christina Dold: University of Oxford
Andrew J. Pollard: University of Oxford
Alex Sigal: Africa Health Research Institute
Tulio Oliveira: University of KwaZulu-Natal
Alain R. Townsend: University of Oxford
Paul Klenerman: University of Oxford
Susanna J. Dunachie: University of Oxford
Eleanor Barnes: University of Oxford
Miles W. Carroll: Public Health England
William S. James: University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The extent to which immune responses to natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and immunization with vaccines protect against variants of concern (VOC) is of increasing importance. Accordingly, here we analyse antibodies and T cells of a recently vaccinated, UK cohort, alongside those recovering from natural infection in early 2020. We show that neutralization of the VOC compared to a reference isolate of the original circulating lineage, B, is reduced: more profoundly against B.1.351 than for B.1.1.7, and in responses to infection or a single dose of vaccine than to a second dose of vaccine. Importantly, high magnitude T cell responses are generated after two vaccine doses, with the majority of the T cell response directed against epitopes that are conserved between the prototype isolate B and the VOC. Vaccination is required to generate high potency immune responses to protect against these and other emergent variants.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25167-5

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