Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from acute Kawasaki disease patients

Zhen Wang (), Lijian Xie, Guohui Ding, Sirui Song, Liqin Chen, Guang Li, Min Xia, Dingding Han, Yue Zheng, Jia Liu, Tingting Xiao, Hong Zhang, Yujuan Huang, Yixue Li () and Min Huang ()
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Zhen Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lijian Xie: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Guohui Ding: International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai)
Sirui Song: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Liqin Chen: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Guang Li: Shanghai QianBei Med. Technology Co. Ltd
Min Xia: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Dingding Han: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Yue Zheng: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Jia Liu: Shanghai QianBei Med. Technology Co. Ltd
Tingting Xiao: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Hong Zhang: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Yujuan Huang: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Yixue Li: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Min Huang: Shanghai Jiaotong University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Although functional and phenotypic changes of immune cells have been reported, a global understanding of immune responses underlying acute KD is unclear. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profile peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven patients with acute KD before and after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and from three age-matched healthy controls. The most differentially expressed genes are identified in monocytes, with high expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, immunoglobulin receptors and low expression of MHC class II genes in acute KD. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analyses, of cells from an additional 16 KD patients, show that although the percentage of total B cells is substantially decreased after therapy, the percentage of plasma cells among the B cells is significantly increased. The percentage of CD8+ T cells is decreased in acute KD, notably effector memory CD8+ T cells compared with healthy controls. Oligoclonal expansions of both B cell receptors and T cell receptors are observed after therapy. We identify biological processes potentially underlying the changes of each cell type. The single-cell landscape of both innate and adaptive immune responses provides insights into pathogenesis and therapy of KD.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25771-5

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