Household cooking fuel estimates at global and country level for 1990 to 2030

Oliver Stoner (), Jessica Lewis, Itzel Lucio Martínez, Sophie Gumy, Theo Economou and Heather Adair-Rohani
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Oliver Stoner: University of Glasgow
Jessica Lewis: World Health Organization
Itzel Lucio Martínez: World Health Organization
Sophie Gumy: World Health Organization
Theo Economou: University of Exeter
Heather Adair-Rohani: World Health Organization

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Household air pollution generated from the use of polluting cooking fuels and technologies is a major source of disease and environmental degradation in low- and middle-income countries. Using a novel modelling approach, we provide detailed global, regional and country estimates of the percentages and populations mainly using 6 fuel categories (electricity, gaseous fuels, kerosene, biomass, charcoal, coal) and overall polluting/clean fuel use – from 1990-2020 and with urban/rural disaggregation. Here we show that 53% of the global population mainly used polluting cooking fuels in 1990, dropping to 36% in 2020. In urban areas, gaseous fuels currently dominate, with a growing reliance on electricity; in rural populations, high levels of biomass use persist alongside increasing use of gaseous fuels. Future projections of observed trends suggest 31% will still mainly use polluting fuels in 2030, including over 1 billion people in Sub-Saharan African by 2025.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26036-x

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