Space-time crystalline order of a high-critical-temperature superconductor with intrinsic Josephson junctions

Reinhold Kleiner (), Xianjing Zhou, Eric Dorsch, Xufeng Zhang, Dieter Koelle and Dafei Jin ()
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Reinhold Kleiner: Universität Tübingen
Xianjing Zhou: Argonne National Laboratory
Eric Dorsch: Universität Tübingen
Xufeng Zhang: Argonne National Laboratory
Dieter Koelle: Universität Tübingen
Dafei Jin: Argonne National Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract We theoretically demonstrate that the high-critical-temperature (high-Tc) superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO) is a natural candidate for the recently envisioned classical space-time crystal. BSCCO intrinsically forms a stack of Josephson junctions. Under a periodic parametric modulation of the Josephson critical current density, the Josephson currents develop coupled space-time crystalline order, breaking the continuous translational symmetry in both space and time. The modulation frequency and amplitude span a (nonequilibrium) phase diagram for a so-defined spatiotemporal order parameter, which displays rigid pattern formation within a particular region of the phase diagram. Based on our calculations using representative material properties, we propose a laser-modulation experiment to realize the predicted space-time crystalline behavior. Our findings bring new insight into the nature of space-time crystals and, more generally, into nonequilibrium driven condensed matter systems.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26132-y

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