Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV

Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Ester Gea-Mallorquí, Emma Touizer, Dan Hameiri-Bowen, Jakub Kopycinski, Bethany Charlton, Natasha Fisher-Pearson, Luke Muir, Annachiara Rosa, Chloe Roustan, Christopher Earl, Peter Cherepanov, Pierre Pellegrino, Laura Waters, Fiona Burns, Sabine Kinloch, Tao Dong, Lucy Dorrell, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Laura E. McCoy () and Dimitra Peppa ()
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Aljawharah Alrubayyi: University of Oxford
Ester Gea-Mallorquí: University of Oxford
Emma Touizer: University College London
Dan Hameiri-Bowen: University of Oxford
Jakub Kopycinski: University of Oxford
Bethany Charlton: University of Oxford
Natasha Fisher-Pearson: University of Oxford
Luke Muir: University College London
Annachiara Rosa: The Francis Crick Institute
Chloe Roustan: The Francis Crick Institute
Christopher Earl: Francis Crick Institute
Peter Cherepanov: The Francis Crick Institute
Pierre Pellegrino: CNWL NHS Trust
Laura Waters: CNWL NHS Trust
Fiona Burns: Institute for Global Health UCL
Sabine Kinloch: Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
Tao Dong: University of Oxford
Lucy Dorrell: University of Oxford
Sarah Rowland-Jones: University of Oxford
Laura E. McCoy: University College London
Dimitra Peppa: University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract There is an urgent need to understand the nature of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, to inform risk-mitigation strategies for people living with HIV (PLWH). Here we show that the majority of PLWH with ART suppressed HIV viral load, mount a detectable adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Humoral and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are comparable between HIV-positive and negative subjects and persist 5-7 months following predominately mild COVID-19 disease. T cell responses against Spike, Membrane and Nucleoprotein are the most prominent, with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells outnumbering CD8 T cells. We further show that the overall magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses relates to the size of the naive CD4 T cell pool and the CD4:CD8 ratio in PLWH. These findings suggest that inadequate immune reconstitution on ART, could hinder immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 with implications for the individual management and vaccine effectiveness in PLWH.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26137-7

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