Regulation of plant phototropic growth by NPH3/RPT2-like substrate phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding

Stuart Sullivan (), Thomas Waksman, Dimitra Paliogianni, Louise Henderson, Melanie Lütkemeyer, Noriyuki Suetsugu and John M. Christie ()
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Stuart Sullivan: University of Glasgow
Thomas Waksman: University of Glasgow
Dimitra Paliogianni: University of Glasgow
Louise Henderson: University of Glasgow
Melanie Lütkemeyer: University of Glasgow
Noriyuki Suetsugu: University of Glasgow
John M. Christie: University of Glasgow

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Polarity underlies all directional growth responses in plants including growth towards the light (phototropism). The plasma-membrane associated protein, NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) is a key determinant of phototropic growth which is regulated by phototropin (phot) AGC kinases. Here we demonstrate that NPH3 is directly phosphorylated by phot1 within a conserved C-terminal consensus sequence (RxS) that is necessary to promote phototropism and petiole positioning in Arabidopsis. RxS phosphorylation also triggers 14-3-3 binding combined with changes in NPH3 phosphorylation and localisation status. Mutants of NPH3 that are unable to bind or constitutively bind 14-3-3 s show compromised functionality consistent with a model where phototropic curvature is established by signalling outputs arising from a gradient of NPH3 RxS phosphorylation across the stem. Our findings therefore establish that NPH3/RPT2-Like (NRL) proteins are phosphorylation targets for plant AGC kinases. Moreover, RxS phosphorylation is conserved in other members of the NRL family, suggesting a common mechanism of regulating plant growth to the prevailing light environment.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26333-5

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