Experimental quantum simulation of superradiant phase transition beyond no-go theorem via antisqueezing

Xi Chen, Ze Wu, Min Jiang, Xin-You Lü (), Xinhua Peng () and Jiangfeng Du
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Xi Chen: University of Science and Technology of China
Ze Wu: University of Science and Technology of China
Min Jiang: University of Science and Technology of China
Xin-You Lü: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Xinhua Peng: University of Science and Technology of China
Jiangfeng Du: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The superradiant phase transition in thermal equilibrium is a fundamental concept bridging statistical physics and electrodynamics, which has never been observed in real physical systems since the first proposal in the 1970s. The existence of this phase transition in cavity quantum electrodynamics systems is still subject of ongoing debates due to the no-go theorem induced by the so-called A2 term. Moreover, experimental conditions to study this phase transition are hard to achieve with current accessible technology. Based on the platform of nuclear magnetic resonance, here we experimentally simulate the occurrence of an equilibrium superradiant phase transition beyond no-go theorem by introducing the antisqueezing effect. The mechanism relies on that the antisqueezing effect recovers the singularity of the ground state via exponentially enhancing the zero point fluctuation of system. The strongly entangled and squeezed Schrödinger cat states of spins are achieved experimentally in the superradiant phase, which may play an important role in fundamental tests of quantum theory and implementations of quantum metrology.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26573-5

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