Ferroelectric 2D ice under graphene confinement

Hao-Ting Chin, Jiri Klimes, I-Fan Hu, Ding-Rui Chen, Hai-Thai Nguyen, Ting-Wei Chen, Shao-Wei Ma, Mario Hofmann, Chi-Te Liang and Ya-Ping Hsieh ()
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Hao-Ting Chin: Academia Sinica
Jiri Klimes: Charles University
I-Fan Hu: Academia Sinica
Ding-Rui Chen: Academia Sinica
Hai-Thai Nguyen: National Taiwan University
Ting-Wei Chen: National Chung Cheng University
Shao-Wei Ma: National Chung Cheng University
Mario Hofmann: National Taiwan University
Chi-Te Liang: National Taiwan University
Ya-Ping Hsieh: Academia Sinica

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract We here report on the direct observation of ferroelectric properties of water ice in its 2D phase. Upon nanoelectromechanical confinement between two graphene layers, water forms a 2D ice phase at room temperature that exhibits a strong and permanent dipole which depends on the previously applied field, representing clear evidence for ferroelectric ordering. Characterization of this permanent polarization with respect to varying water partial pressure and temperature reveals the importance of forming a monolayer of 2D ice for ferroelectric ordering which agrees with ab-initio and molecular dynamics simulations conducted. The observed robust ferroelectric properties of 2D ice enable novel nanoelectromechanical devices that exhibit memristive properties. A unique bipolar mechanical switching behavior is observed where previous charging history controls the transition voltage between low-resistance and high-resistance state. This advance enables the realization of rugged, non-volatile, mechanical memory exhibiting switching ratios of 106, 4 bit storage capabilities and no degradation after 10,000 switching cycles.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26589-x

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