Seasonal mixed layer depth shapes phytoplankton physiology, viral production, and accumulation in the North Atlantic

Ben P. Diaz, Ben Knowles, Christopher T. Johns, Christien P. Laber, Karen Grace V. Bondoc, Liti Haramaty, Frank Natale, Elizabeth L. Harvey, Sasha J. Kramer, Luis M. Bolaños, Daniel P. Lowenstein, Helen F. Fredricks, Jason Graff, Toby K. Westberry, Kristina D. A. Mojica, Nils Haëntjens, Nicholas Baetge, Peter Gaube, Emmanuel Boss, Craig A. Carlson, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Benjamin A. S. Mooy and Kay D. Bidle ()
Additional contact information
Ben P. Diaz: Rutgers University
Ben Knowles: Rutgers University
Christopher T. Johns: Rutgers University
Christien P. Laber: Rutgers University
Karen Grace V. Bondoc: Rutgers University
Liti Haramaty: Rutgers University
Frank Natale: Rutgers University
Elizabeth L. Harvey: University of New Hampshire
Sasha J. Kramer: University of California, Santa Barbara
Luis M. Bolaños: Oregon State University
Daniel P. Lowenstein: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Helen F. Fredricks: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Jason Graff: Oregon State University
Toby K. Westberry: Oregon State University
Kristina D. A. Mojica: Oregon State University
Nils Haëntjens: University of Maine
Nicholas Baetge: Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara
Peter Gaube: University of Washington, Air−Sea Interaction and Remote Sensing Department
Emmanuel Boss: University of Maine
Craig A. Carlson: Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara
Michael J. Behrenfeld: Oregon State University
Benjamin A. S. Mooy: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Kay D. Bidle: Rutgers University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Seasonal shifts in phytoplankton accumulation and loss largely follow changes in mixed layer depth, but the impact of mixed layer depth on cell physiology remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the physiological state of phytoplankton populations associated with distinct bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic. Stratification and deep mixing alter community physiology and viral production, effectively shaping accumulation rates. Communities in relatively deep, early-spring mixed layers are characterized by low levels of stress and high accumulation rates, while those in the recently shallowed mixed layers in late-spring have high levels of oxidative stress. Prolonged stratification into early autumn manifests in negative accumulation rates, along with pronounced signatures of compromised membranes, death-related protease activity, virus production, nutrient drawdown, and lipid markers indicative of nutrient stress. Positive accumulation renews during mixed layer deepening with transition into winter, concomitant with enhanced nutrient supply and lessened viral pressure.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26836-1

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