The Chloranthus sessilifolius genome provides insight into early diversification of angiosperms

Jianxiang Ma, Pengchuan Sun, Dandan Wang, Zhenyue Wang, Jiao Yang, Ying Li, Wenjie Mu, Renping Xu, Ying Wu, Congcong Dong, Nawal Shrestha, Jianquan Liu and Yongzhi Yang ()
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Jianxiang Ma: Lanzhou University
Pengchuan Sun: Sichuan University
Dandan Wang: Lanzhou University
Zhenyue Wang: Lanzhou University
Jiao Yang: Lanzhou University
Ying Li: Lanzhou University
Wenjie Mu: Lanzhou University
Renping Xu: Lanzhou University
Ying Wu: Lanzhou University
Congcong Dong: Lanzhou University
Nawal Shrestha: Lanzhou University
Jianquan Liu: Lanzhou University
Yongzhi Yang: Lanzhou University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Most extant angiosperms belong to Mesangiospermae, which comprises eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, Chloranthales and Ceratophyllales. However, phylogenetic relationships between these five lineages remain unclear. Here, we report the high-quality genome of a member of the Chloranthales lineage (Chloranthus sessilifolius). We detect only one whole genome duplication within this species and find that polyploidization events in different Mesangiospermae lineage are mutually independent. We also find that the members of all floral development-related gene lineages are present in C. sessilifolius despite its extremely simplified flower. The AP1 and PI genes, however, show a weak floral tissue-specialized expression. Our phylogenomic analyses suggest that Chloranthales and magnoliids are sister groups, and both are together sister to the clade comprising Ceratophyllales and eudicots, while the monocot lineage is sister to all other Mesangiospermae. Our findings suggest that in addition to hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting may largely account for phylogenetic inconsistencies between the observed gene trees.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26931-3

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