A DAP5/eIF3d alternate mRNA translation mechanism promotes differentiation and immune suppression by human regulatory T cells

Viviana Volta, Sandra Pérez-Baos, Columba Parra, Olga Katsara, Amanda Ernlund, Sophie Dornbaum and Robert J. Schneider ()
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Viviana Volta: Synthis LLC, 430 East 29th Street, Launch Labs, Alexandria Center for Life Sciences
Sandra Pérez-Baos: NYU Grossman School of Medicine
Columba Parra: City University of New York
Olga Katsara: NYU Grossman School of Medicine
Amanda Ernlund: Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab
Sophie Dornbaum: NYU Grossman School of Medicine
Robert J. Schneider: NYU Grossman School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) inhibit effector T cells and maintain immune system homeostasis. Treg cell maturation in peripheral sites requires inhibition of protein kinase mTORC1 and TGF-beta-1 (TGF-beta). While Treg cell maturation requires protein synthesis, mTORC1 inhibition downregulates it, leaving unanswered how Treg cells achieve essential mRNA translation for development and immune suppression activity. Using human CD4+ T cells differentiated in culture and genome-wide transcription and translation profiling, here we report that TGF-beta transcriptionally reprograms naive T cells to express Treg cell differentiation and immune suppression mRNAs, while mTORC1 inhibition impairs translation of T cell mRNAs but not those induced by TGF-beta. Rather than canonical mTORC1/eIF4E/eIF4G translation, Treg cell mRNAs utilize the eIF4G homolog DAP5 and initiation factor eIF3d in a non-canonical translation mechanism that requires cap-dependent binding by eIF3d directed by Treg cell mRNA 5’ noncoding regions. Silencing DAP5 in isolated human naive CD4+ T cells impairs their differentiation into Treg cells. Treg cell differentiation is mediated by mTORC1 downregulation and TGF-beta transcriptional reprogramming that establishes a DAP5/eIF3d-selective mechanism of mRNA translation.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27087-w

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