A full gap above the Fermi level: the charge density wave of monolayer VS2

Camiel Efferen (), Jan Berges, Joshua Hall, Erik Loon, Stefan Kraus, Arne Schobert, Tobias Wekking, Felix Huttmann, Eline Plaar, Nico Rothenbach, Katharina Ollefs, Lucas Machado Arruda, Nick Brookes, Gunnar Schönhoff, Kurt Kummer, Heiko Wende, Tim Wehling and Thomas Michely
Additional contact information
Camiel Efferen: Universität zu Köln
Jan Berges: Universität Bremen
Joshua Hall: Universität zu Köln
Erik Loon: Universität Bremen
Stefan Kraus: Universität zu Köln
Arne Schobert: Universität Bremen
Tobias Wekking: Universität zu Köln
Felix Huttmann: Universität zu Köln
Eline Plaar: Universität zu Köln
Nico Rothenbach: Universität Duisburg-Essen
Katharina Ollefs: Universität Duisburg-Essen
Lucas Machado Arruda: Freie Universität Berlin
Nick Brookes: European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESRF)
Gunnar Schönhoff: Universität Bremen
Kurt Kummer: European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESRF)
Heiko Wende: Universität Duisburg-Essen
Tim Wehling: Universität Bremen
Thomas Michely: Universität zu Köln

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract In the standard model of charge density wave (CDW) transitions, the displacement along a single phonon mode lowers the total electronic energy by creating a gap at the Fermi level, making the CDW a metal–insulator transition. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we show that VS2 realizes a CDW which stands out of this standard model. There is a full CDW gap residing in the unoccupied states of monolayer VS2. At the Fermi level, the CDW induces a topological metal-metal (Lifshitz) transition. Non-linear coupling of transverse and longitudinal phonons is essential for the formation of the CDW and the full gap above the Fermi level. Additionally, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals the absence of net magnetization in this phase, pointing to coexisting charge and spin density waves in the ground state.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27094-x

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