Ciliary Hedgehog signaling patterns the digestive system to generate mechanical forces driving elongation

Ying Yang, Pekka Paivinen, Chang Xie, Alexis Leigh Krup, Tomi P. Makela, Keith E. Mostov and Jeremy F. Reiter ()
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Ying Yang: University of California San Francisco
Pekka Paivinen: University of Helsinki
Chang Xie: University of California San Francisco
Alexis Leigh Krup: University of California San Francisco
Tomi P. Makela: University of Helsinki
Keith E. Mostov: University of California San Francisco
Jeremy F. Reiter: University of California San Francisco

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract How tubular organs elongate is poorly understood. We found that attenuated ciliary Hedgehog signaling in the gut wall impaired patterning of the circumferential smooth muscle and inhibited proliferation and elongation of developing intestine and esophagus. Similarly, ablation of gut-wall smooth muscle cells reduced lengthening. Disruption of ciliary Hedgehog signaling or removal of smooth muscle reduced residual stress within the gut wall and decreased activity of the mechanotransductive effector YAP. Removing YAP in the mesenchyme also reduced proliferation and elongation, but without affecting smooth muscle formation, suggesting that YAP interprets the smooth muscle-generated force to promote longitudinal growth. Additionally, we developed an intestinal culture system that recapitulates the requirements for cilia and mechanical forces in elongation. Pharmacologically activating YAP in this system restored elongation of cilia-deficient intestines. Thus, our results reveal that ciliary Hedgehog signaling patterns the circumferential smooth muscle to generate radial mechanical forces that activate YAP and elongate the gut.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27319-z

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