Optogenetic relaxation of actomyosin contractility uncovers mechanistic roles of cortical tension during cytokinesis

Kei Yamamoto, Haruko Miura, Motohiko Ishida, Yusuke Mii, Noriyuki Kinoshita, Shinji Takada, Naoto Ueno, Satoshi Sawai, Yohei Kondo () and Kazuhiro Aoki ()
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Kei Yamamoto: National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Haruko Miura: National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Motohiko Ishida: University of Tokyo
Yusuke Mii: National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Noriyuki Kinoshita: National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Shinji Takada: National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Naoto Ueno: National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Satoshi Sawai: University of Tokyo
Yohei Kondo: National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Kazuhiro Aoki: National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Actomyosin contractility generated cooperatively by nonmuscle myosin II and actin filaments plays essential roles in a wide range of biological processes, such as cell motility, cytokinesis, and tissue morphogenesis. However, subcellular dynamics of actomyosin contractility underlying such processes remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate an optogenetic method to induce relaxation of actomyosin contractility at the subcellular level. The system, named OptoMYPT, combines a protein phosphatase 1c (PP1c)-binding domain of MYPT1 with an optogenetic dimerizer, so that it allows light-dependent recruitment of endogenous PP1c to the plasma membrane. Blue-light illumination is sufficient to induce dephosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains and a decrease in actomyosin contractile force in mammalian cells and Xenopus embryos. The OptoMYPT system is further employed to understand the mechanics of actomyosin-based cortical tension and contractile ring tension during cytokinesis. We find that the relaxation of cortical tension at both poles by OptoMYPT accelerated the furrow ingression rate, revealing that the cortical tension substantially antagonizes constriction of the cleavage furrow. Based on these results, the OptoMYPT system provides opportunities to understand cellular and tissue mechanics.

Date: 2021
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27458-3

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27458-3

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