The genomes of 204 Vitis vinifera accessions reveal the origin of European wine grapes

Gabriele Magris, Irena Jurman, Alice Fornasiero, Eleonora Paparelli, Rachel Schwope, Fabio Marroni, Gabriele Gaspero () and Michele Morgante ()
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Gabriele Magris: University of Udine
Irena Jurman: Istituto di Genomica Applicata
Alice Fornasiero: University of Udine
Eleonora Paparelli: University of Udine
Rachel Schwope: University of Udine
Fabio Marroni: University of Udine
Gabriele Gaspero: Istituto di Genomica Applicata
Michele Morgante: University of Udine

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract In order to elucidate the still controversial processes that originated European wine grapes from its wild progenitor, here we analyse 204 genomes of Vitis vinifera and show that all analyses support a single domestication event that occurred in Western Asia and was followed by numerous and pervasive introgressions from European wild populations. This admixture generated the so-called international wine grapes that have diffused from Alpine countries worldwide. Across Europe, marked differences in genomic diversity are observed in local varieties that are traditionally cultivated in different wine producing countries, with Italy and France showing the largest diversity. Three genomic regions of reduced genetic diversity are observed, presumably as a consequence of artificial selection. In the lowest diversity region, two candidate genes that gained berry–specific expression in domesticated varieties may contribute to the change in berry size and morphology that makes the fruit attractive for human consumption and adapted for winemaking.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27487-y

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