Interdependent iron and phosphorus availability controls photosynthesis through retrograde signaling

Hye-In Nam, Zaigham Shahzad, Yanniv Dorone, Sophie Clowez, Kangmei Zhao, Nadia Bouain, Katerina S. Lay-Pruitt, Huikyong Cho, Seung Y. Rhee () and Hatem Rouached ()
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Hye-In Nam: Carnegie Institution for Science
Zaigham Shahzad: John Innes Centre
Yanniv Dorone: Carnegie Institution for Science
Sophie Clowez: Carnegie Institution for Science
Kangmei Zhao: Carnegie Institution for Science
Nadia Bouain: Stanford University
Katerina S. Lay-Pruitt: Michigan State University
Huikyong Cho: Stanford University
Seung Y. Rhee: Carnegie Institution for Science
Hatem Rouached: Michigan State University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Iron deficiency hampers photosynthesis and is associated with chlorosis. We recently showed that iron deficiency-induced chlorosis depends on phosphorus availability. How plants integrate these cues to control chlorophyll accumulation is unknown. Here, we show that iron limitation downregulates photosynthesis genes in a phosphorus-dependent manner. Using transcriptomics and genome-wide association analysis, we identify two genes, PHT4;4 encoding a chloroplastic ascorbate transporter and bZIP58, encoding a nuclear transcription factor, which prevent the downregulation of photosynthesis genes leading to the stay-green phenotype under iron-phosphorus deficiency. Joint limitation of these nutrients induces ascorbate accumulation by activating expression of an ascorbate biosynthesis gene, VTC4, which requires bZIP58. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chloroplastic ascorbate transport prevents the downregulation of photosynthesis genes under iron-phosphorus combined deficiency through modulation of ROS homeostasis. Our study uncovers a ROS-mediated chloroplastic retrograde signaling pathway to adapt photosynthesis to nutrient availability.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27548-2

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