A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics

Hong Zhang (), Kasra Darabi, Narges Yaghoobi Nia, Anurag Krishna, Paramvir Ahlawat, Boyu Guo, Masaud Hassan S. Almalki, Tzu-Sen Su, Dan Ren, Viacheslav Bolnykh, Luigi Angelo Castriotta, Mahmoud Zendehdel, Linfeng Pan, Sandy Sanchez Alonso, Ruipeng Li, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Anders Hagfeldt, Ursula Rothlisberger, Aldo Carlo (), Aram Amassian () and Michael Grätzel ()
Additional contact information
Hong Zhang: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Kasra Darabi: North Carolina State University
Narges Yaghoobi Nia: University of Rome Tor Vergata
Anurag Krishna: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Paramvir Ahlawat: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Boyu Guo: North Carolina State University
Masaud Hassan S. Almalki: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Tzu-Sen Su: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Dan Ren: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Viacheslav Bolnykh: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Luigi Angelo Castriotta: University of Rome Tor Vergata
Mahmoud Zendehdel: University of Rome Tor Vergata
Linfeng Pan: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Sandy Sanchez Alonso: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Ruipeng Li: National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Shaik M. Zakeeruddin: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Anders Hagfeldt: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Ursula Rothlisberger: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Aldo Carlo: University of Rome Tor Vergata
Aram Amassian: North Carolina State University
Michael Grätzel: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Cost management and toxic waste generation are two key issues that must be addressed before the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. We report a groundbreaking strategy for eco-friendly and cost-effective fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. This strategy involves the usage of a high volatility co-solvent, which dilutes perovskite precursors to a lower concentration ( 1.4 M) solution. More than 70% of toxic waste and material cost can be reduced. Mechanistic insights reveal ultra-rapid evaporation of the co-solvent together with beneficial alteration of the precursor colloidal chemistry upon dilution with co-solvent, which in-situ studies and theoretical simulations confirm. The co-solvent tuned precursor colloidal properties also contribute to the enhancement of the stability of precursor solution, which extends its processing window thus minimizing the waste. This strategy is universally successful across different perovskite compositions, and scales from small devices to large-scale modules using industrial spin-coating, potentially easing the lab-to-fab translation of perovskite technologies.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27740-4

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