Genetic diversity in terrestrial subsurface ecosystems impacted by geological degassing

Till L. V. Bornemann, Panagiotis S. Adam, Victoria Turzynski, Ulrich Schreiber, Perla Abigail Figueroa-Gonzalez, Janina Rahlff, Daniel Köster, Torsten C. Schmidt, Ralf Schunk, Bernhard Krauthausen and Alexander J. Probst ()
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Till L. V. Bornemann: University Duisburg-Essen
Panagiotis S. Adam: University Duisburg-Essen
Victoria Turzynski: University Duisburg-Essen
Ulrich Schreiber: University Duisburg-Essen
Perla Abigail Figueroa-Gonzalez: University Duisburg-Essen
Janina Rahlff: University Duisburg-Essen
Daniel Köster: University of Duisburg-Essen
Torsten C. Schmidt: University of Duisburg-Essen
Ralf Schunk: Geyser-Center
Bernhard Krauthausen: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Alexander J. Probst: University Duisburg-Essen

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Earth’s mantle releases 38.7 ± 2.9 Tg/yr CO2 along with other reduced and oxidized gases to the atmosphere shaping microbial metabolism at volcanic sites across the globe, yet little is known about its impact on microbial life under non-thermal conditions. Here, we perform comparative metagenomics coupled to geochemical measurements of deep subsurface fluids from a cold-water geyser driven by mantle degassing. Key organisms belonging to uncultivated Candidatus Altiarchaeum show a global biogeographic pattern and site-specific adaptations shaped by gene loss and inter-kingdom horizontal gene transfer. Comparison of the geyser community to 16 other publicly available deep subsurface sites demonstrate a conservation of chemolithoautotrophic metabolism across sites. In silico replication measures suggest a linear relationship of bacterial replication with ecosystems depth with the exception of impacted sites, which show near surface characteristics. Our results suggest that subsurface ecosystems affected by geological degassing are hotspots for microbial life in the deep biosphere.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27783-7

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