Forecasting the outcome of spintronic experiments with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations

Xing Chen, Flavio Abreu Araujo, Mathieu Riou, Jacob Torrejon, Dafiné Ravelosona, Wang Kang, Weisheng Zhao, Julie Grollier and Damien Querlioz ()
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Xing Chen: Beihang University
Flavio Abreu Araujo: Université catholique de Louvain
Mathieu Riou: Université Paris-Saclay
Jacob Torrejon: Université Paris-Saclay
Dafiné Ravelosona: Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies
Wang Kang: Beihang University
Weisheng Zhao: Beihang University
Julie Grollier: Université Paris-Saclay
Damien Querlioz: Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Deep learning has an increasing impact to assist research, allowing, for example, the discovery of novel materials. Until now, however, these artificial intelligence techniques have fallen short of discovering the full differential equation of an experimental physical system. Here we show that a dynamical neural network, trained on a minimal amount of data, can predict the behavior of spintronic devices with high accuracy and an extremely efficient simulation time, compared to the micromagnetic simulations that are usually employed to model them. For this purpose, we re-frame the formalism of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations to the constraints of spintronics: few measured outputs, multiple inputs and internal parameters. We demonstrate with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations an acceleration factor over 200 compared to micromagnetic simulations for a complex problem – the simulation of a reservoir computer made of magnetic skyrmions (20 minutes compared to three days). In a second realization, we show that we can predict the noisy response of experimental spintronic nano-oscillators to varying inputs after training Neural Ordinary Differential Equations on five milliseconds of their measured response to a different set of inputs. Neural Ordinary Differential Equations can therefore constitute a disruptive tool for developing spintronic applications in complement to micromagnetic simulations, which are time-consuming and cannot fit experiments when noise or imperfections are present. Our approach can also be generalized to other electronic devices involving dynamics.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28571-7

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