Recurrent chromosome reshuffling and the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in parrots

Zhen Huang, Ivanete De O. Furo, Jing Liu, Valentina Peona, Anderson J. B. Gomes, Wan Cen, Hao Huang, Yanding Zhang, Duo Chen, Ting Xue, Qiujin Zhang, Zhicao Yue, Quanxi Wang, Lingyu Yu, Youling Chen (), Alexander Suh, Edivaldo H. C. Oliveira and Luohao Xu ()
Additional contact information
Zhen Huang: Fujian Normal University
Ivanete De O. Furo: Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA) Laboratório de Reprodução Animal (LABRAC)
Jing Liu: University of Vienna
Valentina Peona: Uppsala University
Anderson J. B. Gomes: Instituto Federal do Pará
Wan Cen: Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization
Hao Huang: Fujian Normal University
Yanding Zhang: Fujian Normal University
Duo Chen: Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization
Ting Xue: Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization
Qiujin Zhang: Fujian Normal University
Zhicao Yue: Shenzhen University School of Medicine
Quanxi Wang: Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)
Lingyu Yu: Annoroad Gene Technology Co., Ltd
Youling Chen: Fujian Normal University
Alexander Suh: Uppsala University
Edivaldo H. C. Oliveira: Universidade Federal do Pará
Luohao Xu: University of Vienna

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The karyotype of most birds has remained considerably stable during more than 100 million years’ evolution, except for some groups, such as parrots. The evolutionary processes and underlying genetic mechanism of chromosomal rearrangements in parrots, however, are poorly understood. Here, using chromosome-level assemblies of four parrot genomes, we uncover frequent chromosome fusions and fissions, with most of them occurring independently among lineages. The increased activities of chromosomal rearrangements in parrots are likely associated with parrot-specific loss of two genes, ALC1 and PARP3, that have known functions in the repair of double-strand breaks and maintenance of genome stability. We further find that the fusion of the ZW sex chromosomes and chromosome 11 has created a pair of neo-sex chromosomes in the ancestor of parrots, and the chromosome 25 has been further added to the sex chromosomes in monk parakeet. Together, the combination of our genomic and cytogenetic analyses characterizes the complex evolutionary history of chromosomal rearrangements and sex chromosomes in parrots.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28585-1

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