Tuning the rate of aggregation of hIAPP into amyloid using small-molecule modulators of assembly

Yong Xu, Roberto Maya-Martinez, Nicolas Guthertz, George R. Heath, Iain W. Manfield, Alexander L. Breeze, Frank Sobott, Richard Foster () and Sheena E. Radford ()
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Yong Xu: University of Leeds
Roberto Maya-Martinez: University of Leeds
Nicolas Guthertz: University of Leeds
George R. Heath: University of Leeds
Iain W. Manfield: University of Leeds
Alexander L. Breeze: University of Leeds
Frank Sobott: University of Leeds
Richard Foster: University of Leeds
Sheena E. Radford: University of Leeds

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) self-assembles into amyloid fibrils which deposit in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Here, we applied chemical kinetics to study the mechanism of amyloid assembly of wild-type hIAPP and its more amyloidogenic natural variant S20G. We show that the aggregation of both peptides involves primary nucleation, secondary nucleation and elongation. We also report the discovery of two structurally distinct small-molecule modulators of hIAPP assembly, one delaying the aggregation of wt hIAPP, but not S20G; while the other enhances the rate of aggregation of both variants at substoichiometric concentrations. Investigation into the inhibition mechanism(s) using chemical kinetics, native mass spectrometry, fluorescence titration, SPR and NMR revealed that the inhibitor retards primary nucleation, secondary nucleation and elongation, by binding peptide monomers. By contrast, the accelerator predominantly interacts with species formed in the lag phase. These compounds represent useful chemical tools to study hIAPP aggregation and may serve as promising starting-points for the development of therapeutics for T2D.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28660-7

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