Microwave-to-optical conversion with a gallium phosphide photonic crystal cavity

Simon Hönl, Youri Popoff, Daniele Caimi, Alberto Beccari, Tobias J. Kippenberg and Paul Seidler ()
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Simon Hönl: IBM Research Europe, Zurich
Youri Popoff: IBM Research Europe, Zurich
Daniele Caimi: IBM Research Europe, Zurich
Alberto Beccari: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)
Tobias J. Kippenberg: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)
Paul Seidler: IBM Research Europe, Zurich

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Electrically actuated optomechanical resonators provide a route to quantum-coherent, bidirectional conversion of microwave and optical photons. Such devices could enable optical interconnection of quantum computers based on qubits operating at microwave frequencies. Here we present a platform for microwave-to-optical conversion comprising a photonic crystal cavity made of single-crystal, piezoelectric gallium phosphide integrated on pre-fabricated niobium circuits on an intrinsic silicon substrate. The devices exploit spatially extended, sideband-resolved mechanical breathing modes at ~3.2 GHz, with vacuum optomechanical coupling rates of up to g0/2π ≈ 300 kHz. The mechanical modes are driven by integrated microwave electrodes via the inverse piezoelectric effect. We estimate that the system could achieve an electromechanical coupling rate to a superconducting transmon qubit of ~200 kHz. Our work represents a decisive step towards integration of piezoelectro-optomechanical interfaces with superconducting quantum processors.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28670-5

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