Active control of micrometer plasmon propagation in suspended graphene

Hai Hu (), Renwen Yu, Hanchao Teng, Debo Hu, Na Chen, Yunpeng Qu, Xiaoxia Yang, Xinzhong Chen, A. S. McLeod, Pablo Alonso-González, Xiangdong Guo, Chi Li, Ziheng Yao, Zhenjun Li, Jianing Chen, Zhipei Sun, Mengkun Liu, F. Javier García de Abajo () and Qing Dai ()
Additional contact information
Hai Hu: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Renwen Yu: ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Hanchao Teng: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Debo Hu: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Na Chen: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Yunpeng Qu: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Xiaoxia Yang: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Xinzhong Chen: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
A. S. McLeod: Columbia University
Pablo Alonso-González: Universidad de Oviedo
Xiangdong Guo: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Chi Li: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Ziheng Yao: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
Zhenjun Li: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Jianing Chen: The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhipei Sun: Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto University Tietotie 3
Mengkun Liu: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
F. Javier García de Abajo: ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Qing Dai: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Due to the two-dimensional character of graphene, the plasmons sustained by this material have been invariably studied in supported samples so far. The substrate provides stability for graphene but often causes undesired interactions (such as dielectric losses, phonon hybridization, and impurity scattering) that compromise the quality and limit the intrinsic flexibility of graphene plasmons. Here, we demonstrate the visualization of plasmons in suspended graphene at room temperature, exhibiting high-quality factor Q~33 and long propagation length > 3 μm. We introduce the graphene suspension height as an effective plasmonic tuning knob that enables in situ change of the dielectric environment and substantially modulates the plasmon wavelength, propagation length, and group velocity. Such active control of micrometer plasmon propagation facilitates near-unity-order modulation of nanoscale energy flow that serves as a plasmonic switch with an on-off ratio above 14. The suspended graphene plasmons possess long propagation length, high tunability, and controllable energy transmission simultaneously, opening up broad horizons for application in nano-photonic devices.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28786-8

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