Homotypic protection against influenza in a pediatric cohort in Managua, Nicaragua

Steph Wraith, Angel Balmaseda, Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo, Guillermina Kuan, John Huddleston, John Kubale, Roger Lopez, Sergio Ojeda, Amy Schiller, Brenda Lopez, Nery Sanchez, Richard Webby, Martha I. Nelson, Eva Harris and Aubree Gordon ()
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Steph Wraith: University of Michigan
Angel Balmaseda: Sustainable Sciences Institute
Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo: University of California, Berkeley
Guillermina Kuan: Sustainable Sciences Institute
John Huddleston: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
John Kubale: University of Michigan
Roger Lopez: Sustainable Sciences Institute
Sergio Ojeda: Sustainable Sciences Institute
Amy Schiller: University of Michigan
Brenda Lopez: Sustainable Sciences Institute
Nery Sanchez: Sustainable Sciences Institute
Richard Webby: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Martha I. Nelson: National Institutes of Health
Eva Harris: University of California, Berkeley
Aubree Gordon: University of Michigan

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The period of protection from repeat infection following symptomatic influenza is not well established due to limited availability of longitudinal data. Using data from a pediatric cohort in Managua, Nicaragua, we examine the effects of natural influenza virus infection on subsequent infection with the same influenza virus subtype/lineage across multiple seasons, totaling 2,170 RT-PCR-confirmed symptomatic influenza infections. Logistic regression models assessed whether infection in the prior influenza season protected against homologous reinfection. We sequenced viruses from 2011–2019 identifying dominant clades and measuring antigenic distances between hemagglutinin clades. We observe homotypic protection from repeat infection in children infected with influenza A/H1N1pdm (OR 0.12, CI 0.02–0.88), A/H3N2 (OR 0.41, CI 0.24–0.73), and B/Victoria (OR 0.00, CI 0.00–0.14), but not with B/Yamagata viruses (OR 0.60, CI 0.09–2.10). Overall, protection wanes as time or antigenic distance increases. Individuals infected with one subtype or lineage of influenza virus have significantly lower odds of homologous reinfection for the following one to two years; after two years this protection wanes. This protection is demonstrated across multiple seasons, subtypes, and lineages among children.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28858-9

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