High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery

Singyuk Hou, Long Chen (), Xiulin Fan, Xiaotong Fan, Xiao Ji, Boyu Wang, Chunyu Cui, Ji Chen, Chongyin Yang, Wei Wang, Chunzhong Li and Chunsheng Wang ()
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Singyuk Hou: University of Maryland
Long Chen: University of Maryland
Xiulin Fan: University of Maryland
Xiaotong Fan: East China University of Science and Technology
Xiao Ji: University of Maryland
Boyu Wang: University of Maryland
Chunyu Cui: University of Maryland
Ji Chen: University of Maryland
Chongyin Yang: University of Maryland
Wei Wang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Chunzhong Li: East China University of Science and Technology
Chunsheng Wang: University of Maryland

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl2/Cl− redox reaction.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28880-x

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