Protein-based SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine booster increases cross-neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in non-human primates

Vincent Pavot, Catherine Berry, Michael Kishko, Natalie G. Anosova, Dean Huang, Tim Tibbitts, Alice Raillard, Sylviane Gautheron, Cindy Gutzeit, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Roman M. Chicz and Valerie Lecouturier ()
Additional contact information
Vincent Pavot: Sanofi
Catherine Berry: Sanofi
Michael Kishko: Sanofi
Natalie G. Anosova: Sanofi
Dean Huang: Sanofi
Tim Tibbitts: Sanofi
Alice Raillard: Sanofi
Sylviane Gautheron: Sanofi
Cindy Gutzeit: GSK
Marguerite Koutsoukos: GSK
Roman M. Chicz: Sanofi
Valerie Lecouturier: Sanofi

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that partly evade neutralizing antibodies raises concerns of reduced vaccine effectiveness and increased infection. We previously demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine adjuvanted with AS03 (CoV2 preS dTM-AS03) elicits robust neutralizing antibody responses in naïve subjects. Here we show that, in macaques primed with mRNA or protein-based subunit vaccine candidates, one booster dose of CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 (monovalent D614 or B.1.351, or bivalent D614 + B.1.351 formulations), significantly boosts the pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against the parental strain from 177- to 370-fold. Importantly, the booster dose elicits high and persistent cross-neutralizing antibodies covering five former or current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron) and, unexpectedly, SARS-CoV-1. Interestingly, we show that the booster specifically increases the functional antibody responses as compared to the receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific responses. Our findings show that these vaccine candidates, when used as a booster, have the potential to offer cross-protection against a broad spectrum of variants. This has important implications for vaccine control of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and informs on the benefit of a booster with the vaccine candidates currently under evaluation in clinical trials.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29219-2

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