Electrically driven reprogrammable phase-change metasurface reaching 80% efficiency

Sajjad Abdollahramezani, Omid Hemmatyar, Mohammad Taghinejad, Hossein Taghinejad, Alex Krasnok, Ali A. Eftekhar, Christian Teichrib, Sanchit Deshmukh, Mostafa A. El-Sayed, Eric Pop, Matthias Wuttig, Andrea Alù, Wenshan Cai and Ali Adibi ()
Additional contact information
Sajjad Abdollahramezani: Georgia Institute of Technology
Omid Hemmatyar: Georgia Institute of Technology
Mohammad Taghinejad: Georgia Institute of Technology
Hossein Taghinejad: Georgia Institute of Technology
Alex Krasnok: Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York
Ali A. Eftekhar: Georgia Institute of Technology
Christian Teichrib: Physikalisches Institut IA, RWTH Aachen
Sanchit Deshmukh: Department of Electrical Engineering
Mostafa A. El-Sayed: Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
Eric Pop: Department of Electrical Engineering
Matthias Wuttig: Physikalisches Institut IA, RWTH Aachen
Andrea Alù: Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York
Wenshan Cai: Georgia Institute of Technology
Ali Adibi: Georgia Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a compelling platform for active metaoptics, owing to their large index contrast and fast yet stable phase transition attributes. Despite recent advances in phase-change metasurfaces, a fully integrable solution that combines pronounced tuning measures, i.e., efficiency, dynamic range, speed, and power consumption, is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate an in situ electrically driven tunable metasurface by harnessing the full potential of a PCM alloy, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), to realize non-volatile, reversible, multilevel, fast, and remarkable optical modulation in the near-infrared spectral range. Such a reprogrammable platform presents a record eleven-fold change in the reflectance (absolute reflectance contrast reaching 80%), unprecedented quasi-continuous spectral tuning over 250 nm, and switching speed that can potentially reach a few kHz. Our scalable heterostructure architecture capitalizes on the integration of a robust resistive microheater decoupled from an optically smart metasurface enabling good modal overlap with an ultrathin layer of the largest index contrast PCM to sustain high scattering efficiency even after several reversible phase transitions. We further experimentally demonstrate an electrically reconfigurable phase-change gradient metasurface capable of steering an incident light beam into different diffraction orders. This work represents a critical advance towards the development of fully integrable dynamic metasurfaces and their potential for beamforming applications.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29374-6

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