Double-layer geodesic and gradient-index lenses

Qiao Chen, Simon A. R. Horsley, Nelson J. G. Fonseca, Tomáš Tyc and Oscar Quevedo–Teruel ()
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Qiao Chen: KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Simon A. R. Horsley: University of Exeter
Nelson J. G. Fonseca: European Space Agency
Tomáš Tyc: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University
Oscar Quevedo–Teruel: KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract A double-layer lens consists of a first gradient-index/geodesic profile in an upper waveguide, partially surrounded by a mirror that reflects the wave into a lower guide where there is a second profile. Here, we derive a new family of rotational-symmetric inhomogeneous index profiles and equivalent geodesic lens shapes by solving an inverse problem of pre-specified focal points. We find an equivalence where single-layer lenses have a different functionality as double-layer lenses with the same profiles. As an example, we propose, manufacture, and experimentally validate a practical implementation of a geodesic double-layer lens that is engineered for a low-profile antenna with a compact footprint in the millimeter wave band. Its unique double-layer configuration allows for two-dimensional beam scanning using the same footprint as an extension of the presented design. These lenses may find applications in future wireless communication systems and sensing instruments in microwave, sub-terahertz, and optical domains.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29587-9

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