Genome and transcriptome mechanisms driving cephalopod evolution

Caroline B. Albertin (), Sofia Medina-Ruiz, Therese Mitros, Hannah Schmidbaur, Gustavo Sanchez, Z. Yan Wang, Jane Grimwood, Joshua J. C. Rosenthal, Clifton W. Ragsdale (), Oleg Simakov () and Daniel S. Rokhsar ()
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Caroline B. Albertin: Marine Biological Laboratory
Sofia Medina-Ruiz: University of California
Therese Mitros: University of California
Hannah Schmidbaur: University of Vienna
Gustavo Sanchez: Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima
Z. Yan Wang: University of Chicago
Jane Grimwood: Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology
Joshua J. C. Rosenthal: Marine Biological Laboratory
Clifton W. Ragsdale: University of Chicago
Oleg Simakov: University of Vienna
Daniel S. Rokhsar: University of California

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Cephalopods are known for their large nervous systems, complex behaviors and morphological innovations. To investigate the genomic underpinnings of these features, we assembled the chromosomes of the Boston market squid, Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii, and the California two-spot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, and compared them with those of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. The genomes of the soft-bodied (coleoid) cephalopods are highly rearranged relative to other extant molluscs, indicating an intense, early burst of genome restructuring. The coleoid genomes feature multi-megabase, tandem arrays of genes associated with brain development and cephalopod-specific innovations. We find that a known coleoid hallmark, extensive A-to-I mRNA editing, displays two fundamentally distinct patterns: one exclusive to the nervous system and concentrated in genic sequences, the other widespread and directed toward repetitive elements. We conclude that coleoid novelty is mediated in part by substantial genome reorganization, gene family expansion, and tissue-dependent mRNA editing.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29748-w

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