Unraveling function and diversity of bacterial lectins in the human microbiome

Louis J. Cohen (), Sun M. Han, Pearson Lau, Daniela Guisado, Yupu Liang, Toshiki G. Nakashige, Thamina Ali, David Chiang, Adeeb Rahman and Sean F. Brady ()
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Louis J. Cohen: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Sun M. Han: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Pearson Lau: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Daniela Guisado: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Yupu Liang: Rockefeller University
Toshiki G. Nakashige: Rockefeller University
Thamina Ali: Rockefeller University
David Chiang: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Adeeb Rahman: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Sean F. Brady: Rockefeller University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The mechanisms by which commensal organisms affect human physiology remain poorly understood. Lectins are non-enzymatic carbohydrate binding proteins that all organisms employ as part of establishing a niche, evading host-defenses and protecting against pathogens. Although lectins have been extensively studied in plants, bacterial pathogens and human immune cells for their role in disease pathophysiology and as therapeutics, the role of bacterial lectins in the human microbiome is largely unexplored. Here we report on the characterization of a lectin produced by a common human associated bacterium that interacts with myeloid cells in the blood and intestine. In mouse and cell-based models, we demonstrate that this lectin induces distinct immunologic responses in peripheral and intestinal leukocytes and that these responses are specific to monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Our analysis of human microbiota sequencing data reveal thousands of unique sequences that are predicted to encode lectins, many of which are highly prevalent in the human microbiome yet completely uncharacterized. Based on the varied domain architectures of these lectins we predict they will have diverse effects on the human host. The systematic investigation of lectins in the human microbiome should improve our understanding of human health and provide new therapeutic opportunities.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29949-3

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