An ultrastrongly coupled single terahertz meta-atom

Shima Rajabali (), Sergej Markmann, Elsa Jöchl, Mattias Beck, Christian A. Lehner, Werner Wegscheider, Jérôme Faist and Giacomo Scalari ()
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Shima Rajabali: Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich
Sergej Markmann: Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich
Elsa Jöchl: Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich
Mattias Beck: Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich
Christian A. Lehner: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Werner Wegscheider: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Jérôme Faist: Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich
Giacomo Scalari: Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Free-space coupling to subwavelength individual optical elements is a central theme in quantum optics, as it allows the control over individual quantum systems. Here we show that, by combining an asymmetric immersion lens setup and a complementary resonating metasurface we are able to perform terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of an individual, strongly subwavelength meta-atom. We unravel the linewidth dependence as a function of the meta-atom number indicating quenching of the superradiant coupling. On these grounds, we investigate ultrastrongly coupled Landau polaritons at the single resonator level, measuring a normalized coupling ratio $$\frac{{{\Omega }}}{\omega }=0.6$$ Ω ω = 0.6 . Similar measurements on a lower density two dimensional electron gas yield a coupling ratio $$\frac{{{\Omega }}}{\omega }=0.33$$ Ω ω = 0.33 with a cooperativity C = 94. Our findings pave the way towards the control of ultrastrong light-matter interaction at the single electron/ resonator level. The proposed technique is way more general and can be useful to characterize the complex conductivity of micron-sized samples in the terahertz domain.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29974-2

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