Fractional crystallisation of eclogite during the birth of a Hawaiian Volcano

Laura A. Miller (), Hugh St. C. O’Neill, Andrew J. Berry and Charles Losq
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Laura A. Miller: Monash University
Hugh St. C. O’Neill: Monash University
Andrew J. Berry: Australian National University
Charles Losq: Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The initial melts erupted by a Hawaiian volcano have a range of alkalic compositions but are rarely observed as they are covered by enormous volumes of shield stage tholeiites. A remarkable record of the early evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes, however, is preserved by a volcanic sandstone dredged from the submarine flank of Kilauea, which contains a suite of petrogenetically related pre-shield basanite to nephelinite glasses. Here we show that the systematic variation in the rare earth element (REE) patterns of these samples requires the fractional crystallisation of garnet. A fractionating assemblage of Ca-rich garnet (32%), omphacitic clinopyroxene (63%), and minor phlogopite can explain the variation in the major and trace element contents of the suite. The results suggest fractional crystallisation of eclogite from a primitive Hawaiian melt near the base of the lithosphere (>90 km) and that a deep magma chamber is the first stage in the development of a Hawaiian volcano.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30108-x

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