CNPY4 inhibits the Hedgehog pathway by modulating membrane sterol lipids

Megan Lo, Amnon Sharir, Michael D. Paul, Hayarpi Torosyan, Christopher Agnew, Amy Li, Cynthia Neben, Pauline Marangoni, Libin Xu, David R. Raleigh, Natalia Jura () and Ophir D. Klein ()
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Megan Lo: University of California San Francisco
Amnon Sharir: University of California
Michael D. Paul: University of California San Francisco
Hayarpi Torosyan: University of California San Francisco
Christopher Agnew: University of California San Francisco
Amy Li: University of Washington
Cynthia Neben: University of California
Pauline Marangoni: University of California
Libin Xu: University of Washington
David R. Raleigh: University of California, San Francisco
Natalia Jura: University of California San Francisco
Ophir D. Klein: University of California

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is critical for development and adult tissue homeostasis. Aberrant HH signaling can lead to congenital malformations and diseases including cancer. Although cholesterol and several oxysterol lipids have been shown to play crucial roles in HH activation, the molecular mechanisms governing their regulation remain unresolved. Here, we identify Canopy4 (CNPY4), a Saposin-like protein, as a regulator of the HH pathway that modulates levels of membrane sterol lipids. Cnpy4–/– embryos exhibit multiple defects consistent with HH signaling perturbations, most notably changes in digit number. Knockdown of Cnpy4 hyperactivates the HH pathway in vitro and elevates membrane levels of accessible sterol lipids, such as cholesterol, an endogenous ligand involved in HH activation. Our data demonstrate that CNPY4 is a negative regulator that fine-tunes HH signal transduction, revealing a previously undescribed facet of HH pathway regulation that operates through control of membrane composition.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30186-x

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