Dandelion pappus morphing is actuated by radially patterned material swelling

Madeleine Seale, Annamaria Kiss, Simone Bovio, Ignazio Maria Viola, Enrico Mastropaolo, Arezki Boudaoud () and Naomi Nakayama ()
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Madeleine Seale: University of Edinburgh
Annamaria Kiss: RDP, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, INRAE, CNRS
Simone Bovio: RDP, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, INRAE, CNRS
Ignazio Maria Viola: University of Edinburgh
Enrico Mastropaolo: University of Edinburgh
Arezki Boudaoud: RDP, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, INRAE, CNRS
Naomi Nakayama: University of Edinburgh

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Plants generate motion by absorbing and releasing water. Many Asteraceae plants, such as the dandelion, have a hairy pappus that can close depending on moisture levels to modify dispersal. Here we demonstrate the relationship between structure and function of the underlying hygroscopic actuator. By investigating the structure and properties of the actuator cell walls, we identify the mechanism by which the dandelion pappus closes. We developed a structural computational model that can capture observed pappus closing and used it to explore the critical design features. We find that the actuator relies on the radial arrangement of vascular bundles and surrounding tissues around a central cavity. This allows heterogeneous swelling in a radially symmetric manner to co-ordinate movements of the hairs attached at the upper flank. This actuator is a derivative of bilayer structures, which is radial and can synchronise the movement of a planar or lateral attachment. The simple, material-based mechanism presents a promising biomimetic potential in robotics and functional materials.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30245-3

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