Rationally engineering santalene synthase to readjust the component ratio of sandalwood oil

Wenlong Zha, Fan Zhang, Jiaqi Shao, Xingmei Ma, Jianxun Zhu, Pinghua Sun, Ruibo Wu () and Jiachen Zi ()
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Wenlong Zha: Jinan University
Fan Zhang: Sun Yat-sen University
Jiaqi Shao: Jinan University
Xingmei Ma: Jinan University
Jianxun Zhu: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
Pinghua Sun: Jinan University
Ruibo Wu: Sun Yat-sen University
Jiachen Zi: Jinan University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Plant essential oils (PEOs) are widely used in cosmetic and nutraceutical industries. The component ratios of PEOs determine their qualities. Controlling the component ratios is challenging in construction of PEO biotechnological platforms. Here, we explore the catalytic reaction pathways of both product-promiscuous and product-specific santalene synthases (i.e., SaSSy and SanSyn) by multiscale simulations. F441 of SanSyn is found as a key residue restricting the conformational dynamics of the intermediates, and thereby the direct deprotonation by the general base T298 dominantly produce α-santalene. The subsequent mutagenesis of this plastic residue leads to generation of a mutant enzyme SanSynF441V which can produce both α- and β-santalenes. Through metabolic engineering efforts, the santalene/santalol titer reaches 704.2 mg/L and the component ratio well matches the ISO 3518:2002 standard. This study represents a paradigm of constructing biotechnological platforms of PEOs with desirable component ratios by the combination of metabolic and enzymatic engineering.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30294-8

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