Tempo and drivers of plant diversification in the European mountain system

Jan Smyčka (), Cristina Roquet, Martí Boleda, Adriana Alberti, Frédéric Boyer, Rolland Douzet, Christophe Perrier, Maxime Rome, Jean-Gabriel Valay, France Denoeud, Kristýna Šemberová, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Wilfried Thuiller, Patrick Wincker, Inger G. Alsos, Eric Coissac and Sébastien Lavergne
Additional contact information
Jan Smyčka: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA
Cristina Roquet: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA
Martí Boleda: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA
Adriana Alberti: Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay
Frédéric Boyer: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA
Rolland Douzet: CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes
Christophe Perrier: CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes
Maxime Rome: CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes
Jean-Gabriel Valay: CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes
France Denoeud: Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay
Kristýna Šemberová: Charles University
Niklaus E. Zimmermann: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL
Wilfried Thuiller: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA
Patrick Wincker: Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay
Inger G. Alsos: UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, The Arctic University Museum of Norway
Eric Coissac: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA
Sébastien Lavergne: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract There is still limited consensus on the evolutionary history of species-rich temperate alpine floras due to a lack of comparable and high-quality phylogenetic data covering multiple plant lineages. Here we reconstructed when and how European alpine plant lineages diversified, i.e., the tempo and drivers of speciation events. We performed full-plastome phylogenomics and used multi-clade comparative models applied to six representative angiosperm lineages that have diversified in European mountains (212 sampled species, 251 ingroup species total). Diversification rates remained surprisingly steady for most clades, even during the Pleistocene, with speciation events being mostly driven by geographic divergence and bedrock shifts. Interestingly, we inferred asymmetrical historical migration rates from siliceous to calcareous bedrocks, and from higher to lower elevations, likely due to repeated shrinkage and expansion of high elevation habitats during the Pleistocene. This may have buffered climate-related extinctions, but prevented speciation along elevation gradients as often documented for tropical alpine floras.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30394-5

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