Multifunctional metal-organic framework-based nanoreactor for starvation/oxidation improved indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-blockade tumor immunotherapy

Liangliang Dai, Mengjiao Yao, Zhenxiang Fu, Xiang Li, Xinmin Zheng, Siyu Meng, Zhang Yuan, Kaiyong Cai (), Hui Yang () and Yanli Zhao ()
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Liangliang Dai: Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Mengjiao Yao: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Zhenxiang Fu: Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Xiang Li: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Xinmin Zheng: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Siyu Meng: Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Zhang Yuan: Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Kaiyong Cai: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University
Hui Yang: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Yanli Zhao: Nanyang Technological University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Inhibited immune response and low levels of delivery restrict starvation cancer therapy efficacy. Here, we report on the co-delivery of glucose oxidase (GOx) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan using a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanoreactor, showing an amplified release for tumor starvation/oxidation immunotherapy. The nanosystem significantly overcomes the biobarriers associated with tumor penetration and improves the cargo bioavailability owing to the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment-activated charge reversal and size reduction strategy. The nanosystem rapidly disassembles and releases cargoes in response to the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). GOx competitively consumes glucose and generates ROS, further inducing the self-amplifiable MOF disassembly and drug release. The starvation/oxidation combined IDO-blockade immunotherapy not only strengthens the immune response and stimulates the immune memory through the GOx-activated tumor starvation and recruitment of effector T cells, but also effectively relieves the immune tolerance by IDO blocking, remarkably inhibiting the tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30436-y

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