Niobium-doped layered cathode material for high-power and low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

Qinhao Shi, Ruijuan Qi, Xiaochen Feng, Jing Wang, Yong Li, Zhenpeng Yao, Xuan Wang, Qianqian Li, Xionggang Lu, Jiujun Zhang and Yufeng Zhao ()
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Qinhao Shi: Shanghai University
Ruijuan Qi: East China Normal University
Xiaochen Feng: Shanghai University
Jing Wang: Yanshan University
Yong Li: Shanghai University
Zhenpeng Yao: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Xuan Wang: Shanghai University
Qianqian Li: Shanghai University
Xionggang Lu: Shanghai University
Jiujun Zhang: Shanghai University
Yufeng Zhao: Shanghai University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The application of sodium-based batteries in grid-scale energy storage requires electrode materials that facilitate fast and stable charge storage at various temperatures. However, this goal is not entirely achievable in the case of P2-type layered transition-metal oxides because of the sluggish kinetics and unfavorable electrode|electrolyte interphase formation. To circumvent these issues, we propose a P2-type Na0.78Ni0.31Mn0.67Nb0.02O2 (P2-NaMNNb) cathode active material where the niobium doping enables reduction in the electronic band gap and ionic diffusion energy barrier while favoring the Na-ion mobility. Via physicochemical characterizations and theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that the niobium induces atomic scale surface reorganization, hindering metal dissolution from the cathode into the electrolyte. We also report the testing of the cathode material in coin cell configuration using Na metal or hard carbon as anode active materials and ether-based electrolyte solutions. Interestingly, the Na||P2-NaMNNb cell can be cycled up to 9.2 A g−1 (50 C), showing a discharge capacity of approximately 65 mAh g−1 at 25 °C. Furthermore, the Na||P2-NaMNNb cell can also be charged/discharged for 1800 cycles at 368 mA g−1 and −40 °C, demonstrating a capacity retention of approximately 76% and a final discharge capacity of approximately 70 mAh g−1.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30942-z

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